(* $Id: uq_io.mli 2195 2015-01-01 12:23:39Z gerd $ *)

(** Unified engines for stream I/O *)

type in_buffer
type out_buffer
  (** Buffers that can be attached to a [device] to get buffered I/O *)

type in_device =
    [ `Polldescr of Netsys.fd_style * Unix.file_descr * Unixqueue.event_system
    | `Multiplex of Uq_engines.multiplex_controller
    | `Async_in of Uq_engines.async_in_channel * Unixqueue.event_system
    | `Buffer_in of in_buffer
    | `Count_in of (int -> unit) * in_device
    ]
  (** Currently supported devices for input:
       - [`Polldescr(st,fd,esys)]: The [poll] system call is used with file
         descriptor [fd] to wait for incoming data. The
         event system [esys] is the underlying event queue. This works
         well for pipes, sockets etc. but not for normal files. The
         style [st] can be obtained from [fd] via
         {!Netsys.get_fd_style}.
       - [`Multiplex mplex]: The multiplex controller [mplex] is
         used as device. 
       - [`Buffer buf]: Data comes from the buffer [buf] (which in turn
         is connected with a second device)
       - [`Count_in(f,d)]: Data is read from [d], and every time a few
         bytes [n] are read the function [f n] is called (which may raise
         an exception)

      Generally, it is not well supported to read in parallel several times
      from the same device.
   *)

 (* Idea: `Serial of in_device *)

type out_device =
    [ `Polldescr of Netsys.fd_style * Unix.file_descr * Unixqueue.event_system
    | `Multiplex of Uq_engines.multiplex_controller
    | `Async_out of Uq_engines.async_out_channel * Unixqueue.event_system
    | `Buffer_out of out_buffer
    | `Count_out of (int -> unit) * out_device
    ]
  (** Currently supported devices for output:
       - [`Polldescr(fd,esys)]: The [poll] system call is used with file
         descriptor [fd] to wait until data can be output. The
         event system [esys] is the underlying event queue. This works
         well for pipes, sockets etc. but not for normal files.
       - [`Multiplex mplex]: The multiplex controller [mplex] is
         used as device. 
       - [`Buffer buf]: Data is written to the buffer [buf] (which in turn
         is connected with a second device)
       - [`Count_out(f,d)]: Data is written to [d], and every time a few
         bytes [n] are written the function [f n] is called (which may raise
         an exception)

      Generally, it is not well supported to write in parallel several times
      to the same device.
   *)

type in_bdevice =
    [ `Buffer_in of in_buffer ]
  (** Devices with look-ahead *)

type io_device =
    [ `Polldescr of Netsys.fd_style * Unix.file_descr * Unixqueue.event_system
    | `Multiplex of Uq_engines.multiplex_controller
    ]
  (** Bidirectional devices *)


type string_like =
    [ `String of string
    | `Memory of Netsys_mem.memory
    ]
  (** The user can pass data buffers that base either on strings or on
      bigarrays of char (memory). Note that [`Memory] is not supported
      for all devices or device configurations.
   *)

val device_supports_memory : [ in_device | out_device ] -> bool
  (** Returns whether [`Memory] buffers are supported *)

exception Line_too_long
  (** May be raised by {!Uq_io.input_line_e} *)

(** {2 Input} *)

val input_e : [< in_device ] -> string_like -> int -> int -> 
                int Uq_engines.engine
 (** [let e = input_e d s pos len]: Reads data from [d] and puts it into
     the string [s] starting at [pos] and with maximum length [len].
     When data is available, the engine [e] transitions to [`Done n]
     where [n] is the number of actually read bytes.

     If [len>0] and no bytes can be read because the end is reached, the engine
     transitions to [`Error End_of_file].
  *)

val really_input_e : [< in_device ] -> string_like -> int -> int ->
                        unit Uq_engines.engine
 (** [let e = input_e d s pos len]: Reads data from [d] and puts it into
     the string [s] starting at [pos] and with length [len].
     Exactly [len] bytes are read, and when done, 
     the engine [e] transitions to [`Done ()].

     If the end of the file is reached before [len] bytes are read,
     the engine transitions to [`Error End_of_file].
  *)

val input_line_e : ?max_len:int -> in_bdevice -> string Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = input_line_e d]: Reads the next line from [d] and transitions
      to [`Done line] when done. Note that this is only supported for a
      buffered device!

      If the end of the file is already reached when this function is 
      called, the engine transitions to [`Error End_of_file].

      If [max_len] is set, this is the maximum length of the line
      (including LF). If exceeded, the engine transitions to
      [`Error Line_too_long].
   *)

val input_lines_e : ?max_len:int -> in_bdevice -> string list Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = input_lines_e d]: Reads as many lines from [d] as can be
      found in the buffer of [d], and transitions to [`Done lines]. If
      no complete line is in the buffer, the function extends the buffer and
      waits until at least one line is added to the buffer (if necessary,
      this process is repeated).

      If the end of the file is already reached when this function is 
      called, the engine transitions to [`Error End_of_file].
      The function never returns an empty list of lines.

      [input_lines_e] is just an optimized version of [input_line_e] that
      requires fewer and cheaper blitting operations.

      If [max_len] is set, this is the maximum length of the line
      (including LF). If exceeded, the engine transitions to
      [`Error Line_too_long].
   *)


val eof_as_none :
       'a Uq_engines.final_state -> 'a option Uq_engines.final_state
  (** Represents EOF as [None]. Useful in the combination
      {[ input_e d s p l >> eof_as_none ]}
      and 
      {[ input_line_e d >> eof_as_none ]}
      where [>>] is from {!Uq_engines.Operators}
   *)

val in_obj_channel : [< in_device ] -> float -> Netchannels.in_obj_channel
  (** [in_obj_channel d timeout]: Creates a synchronous channel from the
      input device.

      If the timeout is encountered, this function raises {!Uq_engines.Timeout}.
   *)

(** {2 Output} *)

val output_e : [< out_device ] -> string_like -> int -> int ->
                 int Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = output_e d s pos len]: Outputs data to [d] and takes it
      from the string [s] starting at [pos] and with maximum length
      [len]. When data is written, the engine [e] transitions to [`Done n]
      where [n] is the number of actually written bytes.
  *)

val really_output_e : [< out_device ] -> string_like -> int -> int ->
                        unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = really_output_e d s pos len]: Outputs data to [d] and takes it
      from the string [s] starting at [pos] and with length
      [len]. When all data is written, the engine [e] transitions to
      [`Done ()].
  *)

val output_string_e : [< out_device ] -> string -> unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = output_string_e d s]: Outputs the string [s] to [d],
      and transitions to [`Done()] when done.
   *)

val output_memory_e : [< out_device ] -> Netsys_mem.memory -> 
                         unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = output_string_e d m]: Outputs the bigarray [m] to [d],
      and transitions to [`Done()] when done.
   *)

val output_netbuffer_e : [< out_device ] -> Netbuffer.t -> 
                            unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = output_string_e d b]: Outputs the contents of [b] to [d],
      and transitions to [`Done()] when done.
   *)

val write_eof_e : [< out_device ] -> bool Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = write_eof_e d]: For devices supporting half-open connections,
      this engine writes the EOF marker and transitions to 
      [`Done true]. For other devices nothing happens, and the engine
      transitions to [`Done false]. (In the latter case, the only way to
      signal EOF is to shut down the device, see below.)

      Note that the effect of [write_eof_e] cannot be buffered. Because
      of this, the [io_buffer] flushes all data first (i.e. [write_eof_e]
      implies the effect of [flush_e]).
   *)

val copy_e : ?small_buffer:bool -> ?len:int -> ?len64:int64 ->
                [< in_device ] -> [< out_device ] -> 
                int64 Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = copy_e d_in d_out]: Copies data from [d_in] to [d_out],
      and transitions to [`Done n] when all data is copied (where
      [n] are the number of copied bytes).
      By default, [d_in] is read until end of file. If [len] is passed,
      at most this number of bytes are copied. The length can also be given
      as [int64] in [len64].

      By setting [small_buffer], the copy buffer consists only of a 
      single page. Normally, a bigger buffer is allocated.
   *)

val flush_e : [< out_device ] -> unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** [let e = flush_e d]: If [d] has an internal buffer, all data is
      written out to [d]. If there is no such buffer, this is a no-op.
      When done, the engine transitions to [`Done()].
   *)

val out_obj_channel : [< out_device ] -> float -> Netchannels.out_obj_channel
  (** [out_obj_channel d timeout]: Creates a synchronous channel from the
      output device.

      If the timeout is encountered, this function raises {!Uq_engines.Timeout}.
   *)

val io_obj_channel : ?start_pos_in:int -> ?start_pos_out:int ->
                     [< io_device ] -> float -> 
                       Netchannels.raw_io_channel
  (** [io_obj_channel d timeout]: Creates a bidirectional synch channel
      from [d]. This channel can be half-closed, and a [close_out] without
      [close_in] triggers [write_eof_e] on the device.
   *)

(** {2 Shutdown} *)

(** The shutdown is the last part of the protocol. Although it is
    often done autonomously by the kernel, this interface supports
    user-implemented shutdowns (e.g. for SSL).

    The shutdown can be skipped, and the device can be inactivated
    immediately. For some devices, the other side of the I/O stream
    will then see an error, though.

    The shutdown is always for both the input and the output circuit
    of the device.
 *)

val shutdown_e : ?linger:float -> [< in_device | out_device ] -> 
                    unit Uq_engines.engine
  (** Performs a regular shutdown of the device. The [linger] argument
      may be used to configure a non-default linger timeout.
      The engine transitions to [`Done()] when done.

      The shutdown also releases the OS resources (closes the descriptor
      etc.), but only if successful.

      Note that the effect of [shutdown_e] cannot be buffered. Because
      of this, the [io_buffer] flushes all data first (i.e. [shutdown_e]
      implies the effect of [flush_e]). Input data available in the 
      buffer can still be read after the shutdown.
      
   *)

val inactivate : [< in_device | out_device ] -> unit
  (** Releases the OS resources immediately. This is the right thing to do
      when aborting the communication, or for cleanup after an I/O error.
      It is wrong to inactivate after a successful shutdown, because the
      shutdown already includes the inactivation.
   *)

(** {2 Buffers} *)

val create_in_buffer : ?small_buffer:bool -> [< in_device ] -> in_buffer
  (** Provides a buffered version of the [in_device].

      By setting [small_buffer], the initial input buffer consists only of a 
      single page. Normally, a bigger buffer is allocated.
   *)

val in_buffer_length : in_buffer -> int
  (** The length *)

val in_buffer_blit : in_buffer -> int -> string_like -> int -> int -> unit
  (** Blit to a string or memory buffer *)

val in_buffer_fill_e : in_buffer -> bool Uq_engines.engine
  (** Requests that the buffer is filled more than currently, and
      transitions to [`Done eof] when there is more data, or the
      EOF is reached (eof=true). 
   *)

val create_out_buffer : ?small_buffer:bool -> 
                        max:int option -> [< out_device ] -> out_buffer
  (** Provides a buffered version of the [out_device]. The argument
      [max] is the maximum number of bytes to buffer. This can also be
      set to [None] meaning no limit.

      By setting [small_buffer], the initial output buffer consists only of a 
      single page. Normally, a bigger buffer is allocated.
   *)

val filter_out_buffer : 
       max:int option -> 
       Netchannels.io_obj_channel ->
       [< out_device ] -> out_buffer
  (** [filter_out_buffer ~max p d]: The data written to this device is
      redirected via pipe [p] and finally written to [d].
   *)
