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# The Installation Wizard

Warning

If you are planning to use the installation wizard, we strongly encourage you to protect it, through some form of password authentication, or access control. If the installer is left unprotected when exposed to the public internet, there is the possibility that a malicious actor could finish the installation and block you out — or worse. So please ensure that only you — or someone from your organization — can access the web installer.

## Quick Start

When the ownCloud prerequisites are fulfilled and all ownCloud files are installed, the last step to completing the installation is running the Installation Wizard. This involves just three steps:

1. Point your web browser to `http://localhost/owncloud`
2. Enter your desired administrator’s username and password.
3. Click “Finish Setup”.

You’re now finished and can start using your new ownCloud server. Of course, there is much more that you can do to set up your ownCloud server for best performance and security. In the following sections we will cover important installation and post-installation steps. Note that you must follow the instructions in Setting Strong Permissions in order to use the occ Command.

## In-Depth Guide

This section provides a more detailed guide to the installation wizard. Specifically, it is broken down into three steps:

1. Data Directory Location
2. Database Choices
3. Post-Installation Steps

### Data Directory Location

Click “Storage and Database” to expose additional installation configuration options for your ownCloud data directory and database.

You should locate your ownCloud data directory outside of your Web root if you are using an HTTP server other than Apache, or you may wish to store your ownCloud data in a different location for other reasons (e.g. on a storage server).

Warning

Please know that ownCloud’s data directory must be exclusive to ownCloud and not be modified manually by any other process or user.

It is best to configure your data directory location at installation, as it is difficult to move after installation. You may put it anywhere; in this example is it located in `/var/oc_data`. This directory must already exist, and must be owned by your HTTP user (see Set Strong Directory Permissions).

### Database Choices

When installing ownCloud Server & ownCloud Enterprise editions the administrator may choose one of 4 supported database products. These are:

- SQLite
- MYSQL/MariaDB
- PostgreSQL
- Oracle 11g (Enterprise-edition only)

#### SQLite

SQLite is the default database for ownCloud Server — but is not supported by the ownCloud Enterprise edition.

Note

SQLite is only good for testing and lightweight single user setups. It has no client synchronization support, so other devices will not be able to synchronize with the data stored in an ownCloud SQLite database.

SQLite will be installed by the ownCloud package and all the necessary dependencies will be satisfied. If you used the package manager to install ownCloud, you may “Finish Setup” with no additional steps to configure ownCloud using the SQLite database for limited use.

#### MYSQL/MariaDB

MariaDB is the ownCloud recommended database. It may be used with either ownCloud Server or ownCloud Enterprise editions. To install the recommended MySQL/MariaDB database, use the following command:

    sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

If you have an administrator login that has permissions to create and modify databases, you may choose “Storage & Database”. Then, enter your database administrator username and password, and the name you want for your ownCloud database. Alternatively, you can use these steps to create a temporary database administrator account.

    sudo mysql --user=root mysql
    CREATE USER 'dbadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Apassword';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'dbadmin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    exit

For more detailed information, see MySQL/MariaDB.

#### PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is also supported by ownCloud. To install it, use the following command (or that of your preferred package manager):

    sudo apt-get install postgresql

In order to allow ownCloud access to the database, create a known password for the default user, `postgres`, which was added when the database was installed.

    sudo -i -u postgres psql
    postgres=# \password
    Enter new password:
    Enter it again:
    postgres=# \q
    exit

#### Oracle 11g

Oracle 11g is only supported for the ownCloud Enterprise edition.

### Database Setup By ownCloud

Your database and PHP connectors must be installed before you run the Installation Wizard by clicking the “Finish setup” button. After you enter your temporary or root administrator login for your database, the installer creates a special database user with privileges limited to the ownCloud database.

Following this, ownCloud needs only this special ownCloud database user and drops the temporary or root database login. This new user is named from your ownCloud admin user, with an `oc_` prefix, and given a random password. The ownCloud database user and password are written into `config.php`:

For MySQL/MariaDB:

    'dbuser' => 'oc_dbadmin',
    'dbpassword' => 'pX65Ty5DrHQkYPE5HRsDvyFHlZZHcm',

For PostgreSQL:

    'dbuser' => 'oc_postgres',
    'dbpassword' => 'pX65Ty5DrHQkYPE5HRsDvyFHlZZHcm',

Click Finish Setup, and you’re ready to start using your new ownCloud server.

## Post-Installation Steps

Now we will look at some important post-installation steps. For hardened security we recommend setting the permissions on your ownCloud directories as strictly as possible, and for proper server operations. This should be done immediately after the initial installation and before running the setup.

Your HTTP user must own the `config/`, `data/`, `apps/` respectively the `apps-external/` directories so that you can configure ownCloud, create, modify and delete your data files, and install apps via the ownCloud Web interface.

You can find your HTTP user in your HTTP server configuration files, or you can use PHP Version and Information (Look for the User/Group line).

- The HTTP user and group in Debian/Ubuntu is `www-data`.
- The HTTP user and group in Fedora/CentOS is `apache`.
- The HTTP user and group in Arch Linux is `http`.
- The HTTP user in openSUSE is `wwwrun`, and the HTTP group is `www`.

Note

When using an NFS mount for the data directory, do not change its ownership from the default. The simple act of mounting the drive will set proper permissions for ownCloud to write to the directory. Changing ownership as above could result in some issues if the NFS mount is lost.

The easy way to set the correct permissions is to copy and run the script, below. The script sets proper permissions and ownership including the handling of necessary directories. The script also prepares for an `apps-external` directory, for details see `config.sample.php`:

- Replace the `ocpath` variable with the path to your ownCloud directory.
- Replace the `ocdata` variable with the path to your ownCloud data directory.
- Replace the `apps_external` variable with the path to your ownCloud apps-external directory.

In case use want to use links for the data and apps-external directory:

- Replace the `linkdata` variable with the path to your ownCloud linked data directory.
- Replace the `linkapps-external` variable with the path to your ownCloud linked apps-external directory.

Set the correct HTTP user and group according your needs:

- Replace the `htuser` and `htgroup` variables with your HTTP user and group.

In case of upgrading using tar:

- Replace the `oldocpath` variable with the path to your old ownCloud directory.

    #!/bin/bash

    ocpath='/var/www/owncloud'
    ocdata='/var/www/owncloud/data'
    ocapps_external='/var/www/owncloud/apps-external'
    oldocpath='/var/www/owncloud.old'
    linkdata="/var/mylinks/data"
    linkapps-external="/var/mylinks/apps-external"
    htuser='www-data'
    htgroup='www-data'
    rootuser='root'

    # Because the data directory can be huge or on external storage, an automatic chmod/chown can take a while.
    # Therefore this directory can be treated differently.
    # If you have already created an external data and apps-external directory which you want to link,
    # set the paths above accordingly. This script can link and set the proper rights and permissions
    # depending what you enter when running the script.
    # You have to run this script twice, one time to prepare installation and one time post installation

    # Example input
    # New install using mkdir:     n/n/n (create missing directories, setup permissions and ownership)
    # Upgrade using mkdir:         n/n/n (you move/replace data, apps-external and config.php manually, set setup permissions and ownership)
    # New install using links:     y/y/n (link existing directories, setup permissions and ownership)
    # Upgrade using links:         y/n/y (link existing directories, copy config.php, permissions and ownership are already ok)
    # Post installation/upgrade:   either n/n/n or y/y/n
    # Reset all perm & own:        either n/n/n or y/y/n

    echo
    read -p "Do you want to use ln instead of mkdir for creating directories (y/N)? " -r -e answer
    if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y"; then
      uselinks="y"
    else
      uselinks="n"
    fi

    read -p "Do you also want to chmod/chown these links (y/N)? " -r -e answer
    if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y"; then
      chmdir="y"
    else
      chmdir="n"
    fi

    read -p "If you upgrade, do you want to copy an existing config.php file (y/N)? " -r -e answer
    if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y"; then
      upgrdcfg="y"
    else
      upgrdcfg="n"
    fi

    printf "\nCreating or linking possible missing directories \n"
    mkdir -p $ocpath/updater
    # check if directory creation is possible and create if ok
    if [ "$uselinks" = "n" ]; then
      if [ -L ${ocdata} ]; then
        echo "Symlink for $ocdata found but mkdir requested. Exiting."
        echo
        exit
      else
        echo "mkdir $ocdata"
        echo
        mkdir -p $ocdata
      fi
      if [ -L ${ocapps_external} ]; then
        echo "Symlink for $ocapps_external found but mkdir requested. Exiting."
        echo
        exit
      else
        printf "mkdir $ocapps_external \n"
        mkdir -p $ocapps_external
      fi
    else
      if [ -d ${ocdata} ]; then
        echo "Directory for $ocdata found but link requested. Exiting."
        echo
        exit
      else
        printf "ln $ocdata \n"
        ln -sfn $linkdata $ocdata
      fi
      if [ -d ${ocapps_external} ]; then
        echo "Directory for $ocapps_external found but link requested. Exiting."
        echo
        exit
      else
        printf "ln $ocapps_external \n"
        ln -sfn $linkapps-external $ocapps_external
      fi
    fi

    # Copy if requested an existing config.php
    if [ "$upgrdcfg" = "y" ]; then
      if [ -f ${oldocpath}/config/config.php ]; then
        printf "\nCopy existing config.php file \n"
        cp ${oldocpath}/config/config.php ${ocpath}/config/config.php
      else
        printf "Skipping copy config.php, not found: ${oldocpath}/config/config.php \n"
      fi
    fi

    printf "\nchmod files and directories excluding data and apps-external directory \n"
    find -L ${ocpath} -path ${ocdata} -prune -o -path ${ocapps_external} -prune -o -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
    find -L ${ocpath} -path ${ocdata} -prune -o -path ${ocapps_external} -prune -o -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750

    # no error messages on empty directories
    if [ "$chmdir" = "n" ] && [ "$uselinks" = "n" ]; then
      printf "chmod data and apps-external directory (mkdir) \n"
      if [ -n "$(ls -A $ocdata)" ]; then
        find ${ocdata}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
      fi
      find ${ocdata}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
      if [ -n "$(ls -A $ocapps_external)" ]; then
        find ${ocapps_external}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
      fi
      find ${ocapps_external}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
    fi

    if [ "$chmdir" = "y" ] && [ "$uselinks" = "y" ]; then
      printf "chmod data and apps-external directory (linked) \n"
      if [ -n "$(ls -A $ocdata)" ]; then
        find -L ${ocdata}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
      fi
      find -L ${ocdata}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
      if [ -n "$(ls -A $ocapps_external)" ]; then
        find -L ${ocapps_external}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
      fi
      find -L ${ocapps_external}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
    fi

    printf "\nchown files and directories excluding data and apps-external directory \n"
    find  -L $ocpath  -path ${ocdata} -prune -o -path ${ocapps_external} -prune -o -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup}
    find  -L $ocpath  -path ${ocdata} -prune -o -path ${ocapps_external} -prune -o -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup}

    # do only if the directories are present
    if [ -d ${ocpath}/apps/ ]; then
      printf "chown apps directory \n"
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/apps/
    fi
    if [ -d ${ocpath}/config/ ]; then
      printf "chown config directory \n"
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/config/
    fi
    if [ -d ${ocpath}/updater/ ]; then
      printf "chown updater directory \n"
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/updater
    fi

    if [ "$chmdir" = "n" ] && [ "$uselinks" = "n" ]; then
      printf "chown data and apps-external directories (mkdir) \n"
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocapps_external}/
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocdata}/
    fi
    if [ "$chmdir" = "y" ] && [ "$uselinks" = "y" ]; then
      printf "chown data and apps-external directories (linked) \n"
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocapps_external}/
      chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocdata}/
    fi

    printf "\nchmod occ command to make it executable \n"
    if [ -f ${ocpath}/occ ]; then
      chmod +x ${ocpath}/occ
    fi

    printf "chmod/chown .htaccess \n"
    if [ -f ${ocpath}/.htaccess ]; then
      chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/.htaccess
      chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/.htaccess
    fi
    if [ -f ${ocdata}/.htaccess ];then
      chmod 0644 ${ocdata}/.htaccess
      chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocdata}/.htaccess
    fi
    echo

If you have customized your ownCloud installation and your file paths are different than the standard installation, modify this script accordingly.

This summary lists the recommended modes and ownership for your ownCloud directories and files:

- All files should be read-write for the file owner, read-only for the group owner, and zero for the world
- All directories should be executable (because directories always need the executable bit set), read-write for the directory owner, and read-only for the group owner
- The `apps/` directory should be owned by `[HTTP user]:[HTTP group]`
- The `apps-external/` directory should be owned by `[HTTP user]:[HTTP group]`
- The `config/` directory should be owned by `[HTTP user]:[HTTP group]`
- The `data/` directory should be owned by `[HTTP user]:[HTTP group]`
- The `updater/` directory should be owned by `[HTTP user]:[HTTP group]`
- The `[ocpath]/.htaccess` file should be owned by `root:[HTTP group]`
- The `data/.htaccess` file should be owned by `root:[HTTP group]`
- Both `.htaccess` files are read-write file owner, read-only group and world

These strong permissions prevent upgrading your ownCloud server; see Setting Permissions for Updating for a script to quickly change permissions to allow upgrading.

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